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A mill race, millrace or millrun is the current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel (sluice) conducting water to or from a water wheel. Compared to the broad waters of a mill pond, the narrow current is swift and powerful. The race leading to the water wheel on a wide stream or mill pond is called the head race (or headrace〔Dictionary.com, word definition〕), and the race leading away from the wheel is called the tail race〔Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary, 1968, p=674〕 (or tailrace〔). A mill race has many geographically specific names, such as ''leat, lade, flume, goit, penstock''. These words all have more precise definitions and meanings will differ elsewhere. The original undershot waterwheel, described by Vitruvius was a run of the river wheel placed so a fast flowing stream would press against and turn the bottom of a bucketed wheel.〔 In the first meaning of the term, the millrace was the stream; in the sense of the word, there was no channel, so no race. As technology advanced, the stream was dammed forming a weir. This increased the head of water. Behind the weir was the millpond, or lodge. The water (millrace) was channelled to the waterwheel by a sluice or millrace- this was the head race. From the waterwheel, the water was channelled back to the stream by a sluice known as the tail race. When the tail race from one mill led to another mill where it acted as the head race this was known as the mid race. The level of water in the millrace could be controlled by a series of sluice gates. File:Mill race, Birstwith.jpg|A head race File:Storckensohn water income.jpg|Storckensohn water head race, or flume. File:Mill race on River Meon at Droxford - geograph.org.uk - 592602.jpg|Tail race rejoining River Meon. File:Cogglesford Mill race and bypass weir.JPG|Cogglesford Mill: a covered head race and the by-pass weir ==See also== * Canal pound * Watermill * Water wheel 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mill race」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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